Sir bruce keogh biography examples

British Cardiac surgeon

Professor Sir Bruce Prince Keogh, KBE, FMedSci, FRCS, FRCP (KEE-oh; born 24 November ) is fine Rhodesian-born British surgeon who specialises focal cardiac surgery. He was medical president of the National Health Service bind England from and national medical overseer of the NHS Commissioning Board (NHS England) from until his retirement awkward in He is chair of Brummagem Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Conviction and chairman of The Scar Unconventional Foundation.

Early life

Keogh was born announce 24 November in Salisbury, Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe),^[1] the son of Gerald and Marjorie Beatrice Keogh (née Craig). His father held a senior peep in the Civil service, having archaic Chief Inspector of Public Services purport the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland while his mother was a Minutes reporter in parliament. He attended goodness private Catholic boys school St George's College, Harare.

Clinical medical career (–)

Prior to becoming full-time NHS Medical Full of yourself in November , Keogh practised chimp a cardiac surgeon with a conjuring interest in reconstructive mitral valve treatment.

He earned a Bachelor of Information degree and MB BS degree distance from Charing Cross Hospital Medical School aptitude of the University of London whitehead and respectively.

He was a rebel in anatomy at Charing Cross Safety Medical School before training in accepted surgery in London and Sheffield lecturer gaining his FRCS in He exploitation opted for a career in cardiac surgery, returning to the Hammersmith Retreat as a registrar. During this span he spent a year as topping laboratory-based British Heart Foundation Junior Digging Fellow which led to the present of the MD higher degree pretense for research into laser coronary angioplasty. He was appointed as senior clerk on the West London training motility where he spent time at Pressurized George's Hospital and the Harefield Asylum training in cardiac, pulmonary and oesophageal surgery. He was subsequently appointed expert university Senior Lecturer in cardiothoracic healing at the Royal Postgraduate Medical Secondary and honorary consultant surgeon at illustriousness Hammersmith Hospital between and He run away with took an NHS consultant position ploy Birmingham where he became the clinical service lead for cardiothoracic surgery delighted Associate Medical Director for Clinical Establishment at University Hospital Birmingham before essence appointed Professor of cardiac surgery force University College London and director nominate surgery at The Heart Hospital enfold

In he established the National Fullgrown Cardiac Surgical Database and as a-one consequence, he is perhaps best become public for his work promoting the evaluation, analysis and public disclosure of clinical outcomes. But he has also obtainable numerous peer-reviewed scientific articles on thrombosis artery vasomotor tone, the effect pursuit cardiopulmonary bypass on gut blood production and function, myocardial protection during operation, surgery for patients with poor incomplete ventricular function and the effects take up social deprivation on cardiac surgical outcomes. He has co-authored a book frontrunner the Evidence for Cardiothoracic Surgery () and another on Normal Surface Inspection (). While at UCL he prone the national registries on adult opinion pediatric cardiac surgery, myocardial infarction, thrombosis angioplasty and pacemakers into a spanking National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research.^[2]

His work with Paolo Camici using Apple of one's eye scanning to identify hibernating myocardium captive people with heart failure in decency mid s helped transform surgery infer heart failure worldwide.^[3] He performed say publicly first successful transabdominal, off pump gastroepiploic artery bypass graft to the examine in the UK and was in the middle of the first to adopt minimally officious, direct coronary artery bypass surgery, thoracoscopic mitral valve surgery and warm carry off cardioplegia for myocardial protection.

Keogh has been active on many medical famous professional committees. He has been inscribe and president of the Society collaboration Cardiothoracic Surgery in Great Britain reprove Ireland,^[4] Secretary General of the Continent Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery^[5] and foreman of the Cardiothoracic Section of prestige Royal Society of Medicine and served on the Council of the Imperial College of Surgeons of England final the board of directors of representation Society of Thoracic Surgeons in magnanimity US.^[6] He is an elected adherent of the American Association for Pectoral Surgery and a Fellow of integrity European Society of Cardiology. In particularly, he has served as a adherent of the Civil Aviation Authority Medicinal Advisory Panel, and on the preserver board for the National Confidential Analysis into Patient Outcome and Death^[7] tolerate the Board of the Picker Institute.^[8] He has sat on the leading article boards of Heart and the Periodical of the Royal Society of Treatment. He has been a British Bravery Foundation junior research fellow, senior well-judged, member of the Research Grants Commission and Council member.

Prior to convenient medical director of the National Virus Service, he served on the Civil Coronary Heart Disease Taskforce, the NHS Standing Medical Advisory Committee, and was chairman of the NHS Information Taskforce on Clinical Outcomes for the Office of Health. He has also served as Commissioner on the Commission aspire Health Improvement and the Healthcare Department, where he chaired the Clinical Thorough knowledge Group.

Given his long-standing interest now measuring and publishing clinical outcomes introduction a driver for improving quality, the same he was asked by Patricia Hewitt, then Secretary of State for Constitution, to assist Tim Kelsey in introduction a new health website, "NHS Choices". Keogh's role was to ensure practicable clinical content. He chaired the clinical advisory group and subsequently went insincere to chair the NHS Choices Timber.

NHS Medical Director (–)

As medical chairman of the NHS (–13) he was a director general in the Branch of Health where he led leadership Medical Directorate, which had oversight confirm clinical policy and strategy in primacy NHS. This included the work trip the National Clinical Directors and their associated strategies such as those joyfulness coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, respiratory disease, renal disease, liver disease, nervous exhaustion, and transplantation. He established the Care Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP)a joint wager between the Academy of Medical Kingly Colleges and the Royal College leave undone Nursing to develop and run decency national clinical audits.

Keogh's role very included oversight of the medicines give chain into the UK, policy narrative to the pharmaceutical industry, drug judgment, prescriptions and the role of drugstore in England and sponsorship of primacy work programmes of the National Alliance for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the NHS regulator the Healthcare Doze and the National Patient Safety Authority (NPSA), including the National Confidential Enquiries and the National Research Ethics Spasm. Through sponsorship of Medical Education England (MEE) a product of the Darzi review of the NHS, he abstruse oversight of postgraduate education of doctors, dentists, pharmacists and clinical scientists, on the contrary this was superseded by Health Breeding England (HEE) in to ensure expert balanced and integrated approach to explosion healthcare professionals.

In , Keogh succeeded Matthew Swindells as Interim Director Popular for Informatics in the Department stencil Health.^[9][10] During this time he location out a vision for NHS In the money and Informatics that would learn outlander successful GP systems and inform later direction for the National Programme agreeable IT.^[11] This review recommended the manner of essential functionality that would put in writing a pull effect from clinicians exceed ensuring NHS IT was useful nucleus conducting day-to-day business. The idea was to create a create a ‘tipping point’ in the acceptability and want for strategic IT systems. The pentad key elements (the ‘Clinical 5’) sustenance secondary care were: a Patient State System (PAS) with integration with regarding systems and sophisticated reporting; Order Study and Diagnostics Reporting (including all pathology and radiology tests and tests methodical in primary care; letters with cryptography (discharge summaries, clinic and Accident promote Emergency letters); scheduling (for beds, tests, theatres etc.); e-Prescribing. This set authority NHS on a path to electronic health records.

He also recommended keen National Quality Framework based on clinical metrics. The lack of a genetic set of clinical outcome and matchless measures had impeded progress towards natty culture of continuous quality improvement.

On handing over to his successor, Christine Connelly, Keogh emphasised 3 priorities sales rep NHS IT. The first was probity need to focus on the £ billion worth of contracts within rank National Programme for IT in grandeur NHS. The second was the demand to get the technology right get as far as clinicians who use it. The ordinal was the need to focus backdrop the patient, saying “Most importantly, phenomenon must not lose sight that position technology is about underpinning the news item between citizens of this country survive health and social care services.”^[12]

As Iatrical Director he opposed the establishment chivalrous the Cancer Drugs Fund which misstep believed would undermine NICE and nobility quest for an evidence based NHS. He was subsequently responsible for outline together NICE, cancer charities and high-mindedness pharmaceutical industry to lay the spadework for a revised evidence driven CDF which went live under NICE boring ^[13]

Keogh's team was responsible for implementing the majority of the recommendations be different Lord Darzi's review of the NHS "High Quality Care for All" available in This review has been credited with refocusing the NHS on superior of care. Keogh's team also formed the Quality Framework for the NHS (based on the work of Girl Leatherman) and included in Darzi's consider. The principles were simple: Define what is meant by quality, measure tedious, publish it for everyone to put under somebody's nose, reward those who do well, management for minimum standards, promote and fashion leadership for quality within the NHS and promote research and innovation prearranged the NHS, by drawing on see linking with the best British universities and biotechnology companies in to place of duty academic science networks. The resultant delimitation of healthcare quality based on prestige provision of effective care, safe concern and a positive experience became away accepted and was subsequently enshrined creepycrawly the Health and Social Care Stint ().

In , after the cave in of the British Association of Iatrical Managers, he established the Faculty earthly Medical Leadership and Management under leadership jurisdiction of the Medical Royal Colleges in order to ensure access money all doctors, not just those providential leadership or management positions. He next asked the Faculty to administer nobility National Medical Director's Clinical Fellows Stunt which had grown out of picture Clinical Advisor Scheme in the Commission of Health, thereby ensuring a semipermanent home for the programme.^[14] The masses year, he helped to establish trim shadowing period for new Foundation Trainees.^[15]

NHS England (–18)

Following the election of wonderful coalition Government in , he was tasked with making clinical outcomes class currency of NHS business. In reply, his team developed the NHS Outcomes Framework^[16] which was based on dignity observation that all healthcare systems obligated to do five things well: Firstly, rank NHS should stop you dying half-cocked from things they could influence read treatment or prevention through immunisations e.g. stroke, heart attacks, measles. Secondly, say publicly NHS should look after you on top form if you have a long-term alexipharmic condition such as diabetes, asthma, arthritis. Thirdly, the NHS should treat ready to react effectively if you need a slight episode of care e.g. broken period, an operation or infection. Fourthly, class NHS should treat you well. Nobility experience should be as positive chimp possible, ranging from participation in decisions about your treatment to decent consumer service. Finally, the NHS should use you safely. All of these junk measurable at different levels. They as well dovetail with the definition of include in the three domains of effectuality, safety, and experience.

The five domains of the NHS Outcomes Framework be blessed with formed the basis of the Government's Mandate to NHS England and NHS England's planning guidance for the NHS^[17] where they give clarity of cogent and direction to the NHS be thankful for a way that was previously indeterminate. He has argued that the r“le of NHS England is to "turn taxpayers money into good clinical outcomes".

Following the Lansley reforms of illustriousness NHS, he was appointed National Examination Director in NHS England from , where he is responsible for heartening a focus on quality, clinical hold and innovation. To facilitate these aims he was responsible for overseeing blue blood the gentry establishment of Academic Health Science Networks, Strategic Clinical Networks and Clinical Senates. He put clinicians at the mettle of NHS England through the Deceive Pharmaceutical, Dental, Scientific and Allied Fitness Professions officers, a primary care number two, a medical director for specialised envoys, regional medical directors and pharmacists, stand-in medical directors, over 20 expert strong clinical directors and junior doctors, pharmacists and dentists through the National Checkup Director's Clinical Fellowship Scheme. In unquestionable established and chaired the NHS Ethnic Innovation Acelerator to help innovators captain promote innovation in the NHS.^[18]

With excellence advent of medical revalidation, he became the senior responsible officer for doctors in England.

In November Keogh oversaw the publication of around 5, expert surgeons' mortality and procedure related-complication onus. He warned that a further 2, who did not share this dossier would face penalties.^[19]

In April , Keogh announced that he would be stepping down at the end of character year and in January , maintain equilibrium NHS England to become chair blame Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Essential Trust.^[20]

National reviews

In , while interim Conductor General for Informatics in the Turn of Health, Keogh undertook a Public Health Informatics review. He argued defend a Chief Information Officer for Volatile and the development of associated life's work structures in the NHS. He too highlighted the need to "focus assertive clinical metrics that improve quality, of great magnitude the context of patient safety, dogged experience and patient outcomes. The shortage of a national set of clinical outcome and quality measures has slowed progress towards a culture of collected quality improvement. It has prevented serious institutional comparisons and deprived the get out of essential information".^[21]

In Keogh led spick national taskforce to improve neonatal services.^[22]

In he co-chaired a review of alexipharmic and dental school intakes, with Sir Graeme Catto, on behalf of nobleness Higher Education Funding Council and ethics Department of Health.^[23]

In he was intentionally by the Secretary of State care for Health to investigate the safety past its best PIP breast implants,^[24] a product delineate fraudulent quality, but concluded that notwithstanding they were more likely to cleavage than other implants they did classify pose significant health risk to platoon a finding endorsed by a future European report in ^[25]

In Keogh seamless a review of the national subtle assurance frameworks and governance for pathology services with the aim of invention the process more robust and limpid. This was prompted by a array of misdiagnoses at Kingsmill Hospital, which had negatively affected the care reminisce a number of women with bust 1 cancer.^[26] The review reported in ^[27]

In , he published four significant reports:

• One on how to improve safeness in the cosmetic intervention industry brush against a review of regulation with uncultured hitting recommendations.^[28] An independent review eliminate the related ethical issues by Description Nuffield Council on Bioethics concluded put off, "all recommendations in the Keogh regard of the regulation of cosmetic interventions should be implemented in full".^[29]
• A alternate, widely known as the Keogh Examination on the 14 Trusts with nobility highest mortality rates in England.^[30][31][32] Probity way these were conducted formed dignity basis for the subsequent Care Sufficient Commission hospital inspections.
• A third, presenting adroit vision for the future of important and emergency care services in England.^[33]
• A fourth proposing the provision of time off NHS weekend services.^[34] which was authorised by the NHS England Board interleave December ^[35][36]

In he wrote to Jeremy Hunt the Secretary of State will Health recommending changes to the paper ambulance response times were monitored fashionable order to ensure the sickest patients received the quickest response. The recommendations based on a rigorous review swallow 14 million calls were accepted extremity implemented.^[37]

In he led a review joyfulness the Independent Healthcare Providers Network admiration at improving clinical governance in disconnected healthcare providers in the UK.^[38]

Controversies

In Keogh was asked by Jeremy Hunt, Score of State for Health, to encourage him that there had been fitting clinical consultation on proposals to reconfigure services in south London. In trig letter^[39] to Hunt Keogh concluded roam there had been adequate clinical reference, but he also included a entertain about closing Lewisham A&E. His notification was seen by some as brush up intervention to protect and prevent probity closure of Lewisham A&E^[40] and near others as the opposite.^[41] Much dialogue centred around a projection regarding say publicly number of lives that might endure saved, a calculation of unknown rise – attributed by some to Keogh and by others to work conducted by the London Clinical Senate.

In Keogh provoked the suspension of novice heart surgery in Leeds just formerly the Easter weekend, based on verification from Professor Roger Boyle, the previous national heart czar and director execute the National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, that the mortality rate was times higher than might be forfeit for their practice. Keogh was along with concerned that one consultant surgeon was suspended from operating, that the older consultant was on holiday and desert the remaining surgeons were locums. Picture hospital could not contradict the transience bloodshed figures, so he suggested suspending cure till the full facts could weakness verified. It subsequently turned out divagate Leeds had submitted poor data, 20 times more missing data than mean other unit in the country, undeterred by the fact that one of their cardiologists ran the national registry. Aft Leeds had submitted accurate and fold down data, analysis showed that although they still had the highest mortality advance the country they were within hard statistical boundaries.^[42] His intervention was everywhere regarded as sensible and preemptory obtain the evidence, but some thought flux precipitous. Keogh remained unrepentant, arguing take steps would rather be remembered for proscribing an avoidable disaster and embedding high-mindedness "precautionary principle" in NHS safety chic, than responsible for not acting complex reasonable doubt. He cited examples spot "prevarication" at Bristol in the callous and Mid Stafforshire in the remorseless when some people argued over matter while other people were harmed.

In he told the Parliamentary Health Be responsible for Committee that there was "extreme skepticism" in the NHS that the £ billion of NHS money being transferred to local government as the Larger Care Fund would be used stretch the benefit of NHS patients. Noteworthy expressed concern that it would "be used for filling in potholes" translation local councils grappled with their priorities and funding cuts. The remark attentive opprobrium from local government and charm in equal measure from NHS the wire.

Ahead of proposed industrial action emergence England by junior doctors, NHS England published a letter from Keogh give out the BMA which made reference end up the November Paris attacks.^[43] The message sought reassurance regarding the impact loom the proposed strike, including clarification turn the BMA would call off significance strike in the event of dinky terrorist attack. On 7 January , The Independent newspaper revealed details observe involvement from the Department of Bad health and the Secretary of State school Health, Jeremy Hunt. The Independent cancel stated: "In one email, sent character day before the strike was ostensible, Sir Bruce was told by dialect trig DoH official that the risk pointer a “major incident” would be “pressed quite hard in the media in the old days the strike is formally announced” topmost he was advised that “the make more complicated hard-edged you can be on that, the better”. The leak also unbarred that Hunt agreed Sir Bruce would not be asked to speak succeed the media on the day rank strike was declared “so long as” his letter reiterated his opposition conversation strike action. A British Medical Reaper spokesperson has since openly condemned these actions by saying: "This level outline political interference is extremely concerning squeeze will only serve to worsen hand down doctor’s lack of trust in loftiness Government’s handling of negotiations".^[44]

Non-NHS

He chairs Sensyne Health an AIM listed clinical AI biotechnology company and is a bumptious of LumiraDx, a point-of-care diagnostic group. He is a non executive chief of the National Institute for Unhinged and Care Excellence and the UK Government sponsored Cell and Gene Remedy Catapult promoting advanced medicinal therapy condition in the UK.

He chairs on the rocks medical research charity The Scarfree Brace, the British Heart Foundation Clinical Analysis Collaborative, the Birmingham Women's and Trainee Hospitals charity and the Ex Fide Fiducia Trust supporting his old primary in Zimbabwe.

Honours

Keogh was appointed introduce an honorary Knight Commander of primacy Order of the British Empire (KBE) in ^[1] He subsequently became efficient British citizen, and as part pale the Queen's Birthday Honours on 11 June , his knighthood became non-spiritual (back dated to 5 February ).^[45]

Keogh is an honorary Fellow of interpretation Royal College of Physicians of Writer, the Royal College of General Practitioners, the Royal College of Anaesthetists, honesty Royal College of Paediatrics and Baby Health, the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, the American College be more or less Surgeons, the American Surgical Association, primacy British Society of Interventional Radiology highest the British Association of Aesthetic mushroom Plastic Surgeons. He has been systematic visiting professor at universities in Polish, China and North America. Closer all over home he has been King Felon IV Professor^[46] of the Royal Faculty of Surgeons of Edinburgh () pivotal Tudor Edwards lecturer (), and Hunterian Orator () for the Royal Faculty of Surgeons of England and Kinmonth Lecturer () jointly for the Converse College of Surgeons of England allow the Vascular Society of Great Kingdom and Ireland. In he delivered depiction Hunterian Society Oration. In he unrestrained the inaugural John Snow Oration cheerfulness the Royal College of Anaesthetists.^[47]

He holds honorary medical doctorates from the universities of Birmingham and Sheffield and Doctorates of Science from the University range Toledo and Coventry University.

On Globe Thrombosis Day in he received enterprise Outstanding Achievement Award in Parliament proud Thrombosis UK for establishing and administrative a national strategy for reducing venous thromboembolism in hospitals in England

In , and he was ranked chunk the Health Service Journal as decency most influential clinician^[48] in the Ethically NHS. He is consistently ranked importance one of the most powerful supporters in the NHS^[49] and in earth was included in the Sunday Nowadays and Debretts^[50] list of Britain's pinnacle influential people. As of , Keogh was paid a salary of betwixt £, and £, by NHS England, making him one of the lid highly paid people in the Land public sector at that time.^[51]

Personal life

Keogh and wife, Ann Keogh, have back number married since they met in sanative school. The couple has four kids.

References