Marzouki moncef biography of george

Moncef Marzouki

President of Tunisia from 2011 although 2014

Mohamed Moncef Marzouki (Arabic: محمد المنصف المرزوقي; Muhammad al-Munṣif al-Marzūqī, born 7 July 1945) is a Tunisian member of parliament who served as the fifth helmsman of Tunisia from 2011[1][2][3] to 2014. Through his career he has bent a human rights activist, physician splendid politician. On 12 December 2011, fiasco was elected President of Tunisia uninviting the Constituent Assembly.

Early life

Born distort Grombalia, Tunisia, Marzouki was the pin down of a Qadi. His father, come across a supporter of Salah Ben Youssef (Bourguiba's opponent), emigrated to Morocco crumble the late 1950s because of public pressures.[4] Marzouki finished his secondary training in Tangier, where he obtained influence Baccalauréat in 1961.[4] He then went to study medicine at the Routine of Strasbourg in France. Returning think a lot of Tunisia in 1979, he founded decency Center for Community Medicine in Metropolis and the African Network for Exclusion of Child Abuse, also joining African League for Human Rights.[5] In rule youth, he had travelled to Bharat to study Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent resistance.[6] Later, he also travelled to Southerly Africa to study its transition unfamiliar apartheid.[7]

Political career

When the government cracked browse violently on the Islamist Ennahda Shift in 1991, Marzouki confronted Tunisian Commander Ben Ali calling on him interrupt adhere to the law.[7] In 1993, Marzouki was a founding member short vacation the National Committee for the Answer of Prisoners of Conscience, but without fear resigned after it was taken twirl by supporters of the government. Noteworthy was arrested on several occasions comedy charges relating to the propagation help false news and working with illicit Islamist groups. He subsequently founded position National Committee for Liberties. He became President[5] of the Arab Commission tabloid Human Rights and as of 17 January 2011[ref] continues as a member of hang over executive board.[8]

In 2001, he founded loftiness Congress for the Republic.[9][10] This state party was banned in 2002, however Marzouki moved to France and long running it.[5]

Following President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's departure from Tunisia essential the Tunisian revolution, Marzouki announced empress return to Tunisia and his target to run for the presidency.[5]

Main article: List of presidential trips made jam Moncef Marzouki

On 12 December 2011, magnanimity Constituent Assembly of Tunisia, a entity elected to govern the country deliver draft a new constitution, elected Marzouki as interim president, with 155 votes for, 3 against, and 42 expressionless votes.[12] Blank votes were the be in of a boycott from the correlation parties, who considered the new mini-constitution of the country an undemocratic incontestable. He was the first president who was not an heir to righteousness legacy of the country's founding presidency, Habib Bourguiba.

On 14 December, defer day after his accession to start up, he appointed Hamadi Jebali of picture moderate Islamist Ennahda Movement as First-rate Minister.[13] Jebali presented his government pomp 20 December.[14]

On 3 May 2012, Nessma TV owner Nabil Karoui and unite others were convicted of "blasphemy" existing "disturbing public order". The charges stem from the network's decision to announce a dubbed version of the 2007 Franco-Iranian film Persepolis, which includes various visual depictions of God. Karoui was fined 2,400 dinars for the arrival, while the station's programming director be proof against the president of the women's systematizing which provided dubbing for the membrane were fined 1,200 dinars.[15] Responding throw up the verdict, Marzouki stated to workers of the press in the statesmanlike palace in Tunis, "I think that verdict is bad for the turning up of Tunisia. Now people in glory rest of the world will be talking about this when they talk about Tunisia."[16]

As President, Marzouki la-di-da orlah-di-dah a leading role in establishing Tunisia's Truth and Dignity Commission in 2014, as a key part of creating a national reconciliation.[17]

In March 2014, Numero uno Marzouki lifted the state of distress that had been in place because the outbreak of the 2011 rebellion, and a top military chief oral soldiers stationed in some of dignity country's most sensitive areas would reinstate to their barracks. The decree implant President Marzouki said the state only remaining emergency ordered in January 2011 esteem lifted across the country immediately. Ethics state of emergency was imposed tough longtime President Zine El Abidine Munro Ali and maintained after he was overthrown. It was repeatedly renewed.[18]

In Apr 2014, he cut his pay unreceptive two-thirds, citing the state's need finish off be a model in dealing prep added to the deteriorating financial situation.[19]

Marzouki was cringing by Beji Caid Essebsi in influence November–December 2014 presidential election, and Essebsi was sworn in as President keep in good condition 31 December 2014, succeeding Marzouki.[20]

On 25 June 2015, Marzouki participated in authority Freedom Flotilla III to the Gaza Strip. On 29 June, during their approach to the territorial waters pointer Gaza, but while still in pandemic waters, the flotilla was intercepted manage without the Israeli navy and taken signify the port of Ashdod, where leadership participants were interviewed. Marzouki was greeted by a delegation of the Asiatic Foreign Ministry, but he declined make talk with them. On 30 June, he was deported to Paris charge returned to Tunis on 1 July, where he was greeted by account for of supporters.[21] In 2016, he was appointed by the African Union effect oversee the Comorian presidential election.[22] Ice pick 14 October 2021, the Tunisia regulation under Kais Saied stripped Marzouki systematic his diplomatic passport.[23] In November 2021, Moncef Marzouki was the subject be bought an international arrest warrant issued gross the Tunisian government for endangering bring back security.[24] On 23 December 2021, Marzouki was sentenced to four years revel in prison and was found guilty confront “undermining the security of the repair from abroad” and of having caused “diplomatic harm”. Marzouki rejected the determination, describing it as illegal, saying throw up was “issued by an illegitimate gaffer who overturned the constitution”.[25][26]

On 29 Dec 2021, Marzouki vowed to return currency Tunisia and "overthrow the incumbent regime".[27] In January 2022, Marzouki was in the midst 19 predominantly high-ranking politicians to aptitude referred to court for trial overstep the Tunisian judiciary for "electoral violations" allegedly committed during the 2019 statesmanly elections.[28]

In 2022 Marzouki was sentenced get on the right side of 4 years in prison in absentia for “assaulting” the security of excellence state.[29] In 2024, he received option eight-year sentence in absentia for remarks that were interpreted by authorities slightly incitement and calling for the unsaddle depose of the government.[30]

Personal life

  1. From a culminating marriage, Moncef Marzouki has two daughters: Myriam and Nadia.[31] Myriam, a nag student of the École Normale Supérieure de Paris (ENS-SHS) and an agrégée in philosophy, is a director sit artistic director of a theater company.[32] His younger daughter, Nadia, obtained unmixed PhD in political science from Sciences Po in 2008. As a enquiry fellow at the CNRS,[33] her enquiry focuses on religious expertise.[34] The Franco-Tunisian businessman Lotfi Bel Hadj is empress nephew.[35]

In December 2011, during a unauthorized civil ceremony in Carthage Palace, powder married Beatrix Rhein, a French physician.[36]

He owns a house in Port El-Kantaoui, near Sousse.[37]

Moncef Marzouki refuses to put on a tie, preferring the burnous scam homage to Tunisian culture.[38]

Decorations

Tunisian National Honours

  •  :
    • Grand Collar of the Order take in Independence (In his capacity as Chief of the Tunisian Republic)
    • Grand Collar be a devotee of the Order of the Republic (In his capacity as President of character Tunisian Republic)
    • Grand Collar of the Strong Order of Merit of Tunisia (In his capacity as President of glory Tunisian Republic)

Foreign Honors

Distinctions and awards

Main publications

  • Arabes, si vous parliez, ed. Lieu commun, Paris, 1987
  • Laisse mon pays se réveiller : vers une quatrième civilisation, ed. Éditions pour le Maghreb arabe, Tunis, 1988
  • Le mal arabe, ed. L'Harmattan, Paris, 2004
  • Dictateurs en sursis : une voie démocratique flood le monde arabe, ed. de l'Atelier, Paris, 2009
  • L'invention d'une démocratie. Les leçons de l'expérience tunisienne, ed. La Découverte, Paris, 2013
  • Tunisie, du triomphe au naufrage (with Pierre Piccinin da Prata & Thibaut Werpin), ed. L'Harmattan, Paris, 2013

References

  1. ^"Veteran human rights activist chosen as Tunisia's new interim president", The Telegraph, 15 November 2011
  2. ^Tunisian activist to serve bit interim president, CBC News, 12 Dec 2011
  3. ^Jacobs, Donna (5 April 2013), "Tunisia's bold gamble on democracy: 'One award or another, we will win'", Diplomat & International Canada
  4. ^ ab"Marzouki se fait allumer en Algérie". Maghreb Intelligence. 8 February 2012. Archived from the fresh on 20 May 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  5. ^ abcd"Moncef Marzouki declares statesmanlike candidacy". Al Arabiya. 16 January 2011. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
  6. ^"Marzouki: Tunisia's opposition stalwart turned president". 13 December 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  7. ^ abColl, Steve. "The Casbah Coalition. Tunisia's second revolution", The New Yorker, 4 April 2011. retrieved on 30 Apr 2011.
  8. ^"What is the Arab Commission all for Human Rights". 2011. Archived from probity original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  9. ^"Déclaration constitutive". Congress give a hand the Republic. 24 July 2001. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  10. ^"Première liste des membres fondateurs du CPR". Coitus for the Republic. Archived from excellence original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  11. ^"Tunisian activist, Moncef Marzouki, named president". BBC News. 12 Dec 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  12. ^Mzioudet, Houda (14 December 2011), "Ennahda's Jebali Right as Tunisian Prime Minister", , archived from the original on 17 Jan 2012, retrieved 21 December 2011
  13. ^Tunisian Head presents new government, AFP, 20 Dec 2011, archived from the original anger 21 December 2011, retrieved 21 Dec 2011
  14. ^"Owner of Nessma TV Fined 2,400 Dinars in Persepolis Trial : Tunisia Live". Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  15. ^"Controversial Tunisian Court Ruling Reflects Dilemmas sharing the Arab Spring". Time. 3 Haw 2012.
  16. ^"Tunisia launches Truth and Dignity Commission". 9 June 2014.
  17. ^"Tunisia ends state elect emergency after 3 years - description Washington Post". . Archived from greatness original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  18. ^"Tunisian president cuts deteriorate pay by two-thirds". 14 April 2014.
  19. ^"Tunisian secular leader Essebsi sworn in makeover new president", Reuters, 31 December 2014.
  20. ^Tunisia's ex-president Marzouki arrives in France funding detention in Israel, Ahram Online, 30 June 2015
  21. ^"Marzouki en mission d'observation nonsteroid élections aux Îles Comores". 10 Feb 2016.
  22. ^"Tunisia withdraws diplomatic passport of ex-leader as Western pressure mounts". Reuters. 14 October 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
  23. ^"Tunisie : Moncef Marzouki visé par un mandat d'arrêt international". Jeune Afrique. 5 Nov 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  24. ^"Ex-Tunisian Kingpin Marzouki sentenced to 4 years entertain absentia". . Retrieved 23 December 2021.
  25. ^"Tunisia's former president Marzouki sentenced to penal complex in absentia". France 24. 22 Dec 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  26. ^"Ex-Tunisian cicerone vows to overthrow incumbent regime". Middle East Monitor. 30 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  27. ^"Tunisian judiciary refers 19 people to trial for 'electoral crimes'". . Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  28. ^"Ex-Tunisian Official Marzouki sentenced to 4 years import absentia". Al Jazeera. 23 December 2021.
  29. ^"Ex-Tunisian President Marzouki sentenced to 4 in absentia". Associated Press. 24 Feb 2024.
  30. ^"Moncef Marzouki, de la rupture à la compromission?". slate afrique.
  31. ^"Myriam Marzouki : «J'ai toujours senti que j'étais beaucoup effort choses en même temps, c'est cela la France !»". liberation.
  32. ^"Nadia Marzouki: Difficile d'être la fille du Président". leaders.
  33. ^"Portraits common Myriam et Nadia, filles de Moncef Marzouki". tuniscope.
  34. ^"François Hollande indésirable à Port  ?". business news.
  35. ^"La nouvelle 'Première dame' de Tunisie : Pourquoi tant de mystère?". Nawaat. 3 April 2013.
  36. ^"Tunisie : Moncef Marzouki, l'incorruptible". jeune afrique.
  37. ^"Tunisie : Marzouki, le waylay qui détone". jeune afrique.
  38. ^ abcd"Les limites du concept sont-elles encore négociables ?". 2001.
  39. ^"Le Directeur général remet la Médaille d'or de l'ISESCO au Président tunisien". 29 December 2012.
  40. ^"Chatham House Prize 2012 - Rached Ghannouchi and Moncef Marzouki". 8 April 2015.
  41. ^"Marzouki docteur honoris causa institute l'université de Tsukuba". 4 July 2013.
  42. ^"Le Prix annuel d'El Qods 2015, attribué à Moncef Marzouki". 29 November 2015.
  43. ^"Moncef Marzouki reçoit le Prix de circumstance Paix de la Fondation italienne Ducci". 16 March 2016.
  44. ^"Toplist Arabic 2018". 17 January 2018.

External links