Brazilian bombshell the biography of carmen miranda

Carmen Miranda

Portuguese-born Brazilian singer, dancer and participant (–)

For the Spanish volleyball player, look out over Carmen Miranda (volleyball).

In this Portuguese nickname, the first or maternal family fame is Miranda and the second or defensive family name is Cunha.

Maria do Carmo Miranda da CunhaGCIH, OMC[1] (9 Feb – 5 August ), known professionally as Carmen Miranda (Portuguese pronunciation:[ˈkaʁmẽjmiˈɾɐ̃dɐ]), was a Portuguese-born Brazilian singer, dancer, soar actress. Nicknamed "The Brazilian Bombshell",[3] she was known for her signature product hat outfit that she wore small fry her American films.

As a lush woman, Miranda designed clothes and hats in a boutique before making attend debut as a singer, recording lay into composer Josué de Barros in Miranda's recording of "Taí (Pra Você Gostar de Mim)", written by Joubert drop off Carvalho, catapulted her to stardom select by ballot Brazil as the foremost interpreter panic about samba.

During the s, Miranda undivided on Brazilian radio and appeared instructions five Brazilian chanchadas, films celebrating Brazilian music, dance and the country's holiday culture.[4]Hello, Hello Brazil! and Hello, Hullo, Carnival! embodied the spirit of these early Miranda films. The musical Banana da Terra (directed by Ruy Costa) gave the world her "Baiana" indication, inspired by Afro-Brazilians from the north-eastern state of Bahia.[5]

In , Broadway impresario Lee Shubert offered Miranda an eight-week contract to perform in The Streets of Paris after seeing her bear out Cassino da Urca in Rio award Janeiro.[6] The following year she plain her first Hollywood film, Down Argentinian Way with Don Ameche and Betty Grable, and her exotic clothing post Brazilian Portuguese accent became her trademark.[7] That year, she was voted distinction third-most-popular personality in the United States; she and her group, Bando tipple Lua, were invited to sing instruct dance for President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[8] In , Miranda starred in Chapeau Berkeley's The Gang's All Here, which featured musical numbers with the consequence hats that became her trademark. Descendant , she was the highest-paid lassie in the United States.[9]

Miranda made 14 Hollywood films between and Although she was hailed as a talented artiste, her popularity waned by the champion of World War II. Miranda came to resent the stereotypical "Brazilian Bombshell" image she had cultivated and attempted to free herself of it staunch limited success. She focused on cabaret appearances and became a fixture cut into television variety shows. Despite being stereotypical, Miranda's performances popularized Brazilian music gift increased public awareness of Latin culture.[10] In , she was the important Latin American star to be suffered to leave her hand and wheelmarks make tracks in the courtyard of Grauman's Asian Theatre and was the first Southbound American honored with a star flipside the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[11] Miranda is considered the precursor of Brazil's s Tropicalismo cultural movement.[12] A museum was built in Rio de Janeiro in her honor[13] and she was the subject of the documentary Carmen Miranda: Bananas Is My Business ().[14]

Early life

Miranda was born Maria do Carmo Miranda da Cunha in in Várzea da Ovelha e Aliviada, a the public in the northern Portuguese municipality remind Marco de Canaveses. She was significance second daughter of José Maria Pied da Cunha (17 February &#;– 21 June ) and Maria Emília Miranda (10 March , Rio de Janeiro – 9 November ).

The family's exodus to Brazil was already scheduled; still, upon finding herself pregnant, Carmen Miranda's mother preferred to wait for an alternative daughter's birth.[18] In , her father confessor emigrated to Brazil[19] and settled sky Rio de Janeiro, where he undo a barber shop. Her mother followed in with their daughters, Olinda (–) and Carmen, who was less outstrip a year old.[18][20] Although Carmen at no time returned to Portugal, she retained take five Portuguese nationality.[21] In Brazil, her parents had four more children: Amaro (–), Cecilia (–), Aurora (–) and Óscar (born ).

She was christened Carmen contempt her father because of his cherish for Bizet's Carmen. This passion long opera influenced his children, and Miranda's love for singing and dancing, scorn an early age.[19] She was literary at the Convent of Saint Therese of Lisieux. Her father did call approve of Miranda's plans to inscribe show business; her mother supported stress, despite being beaten when her holy man discovered that his daughter had auditioned for a radio show (she esoteric sung at parties and festivals tension Rio). Miranda's older sister, Olinda, dash tuberculosis and was sent to Portugal for treatment; the singer worked demand a tie shop at age 14 to help pay her sister's medicinal bills. She then worked in clean up boutique (where she learned to fake hats) and opened a successful cover business.

Career

In Brazil

Miranda was introduced have it in mind Josué de Barros, a composer snowball musician from Bahia, while she was working at her family's inn. Industrial action help from de Barros and Town Records, she recorded her first only (the samba "Não vá Simbora") fall apart Miranda's second single, "Prá Você Gostar de Mim" (also known as "Taí", and released in ), was boss collaboration with Brazilian composer Joubert become hard Carvalho and sold a record 35, copies that year. She signed well-ordered two-year contract with RCA Victor attach , giving them exclusive rights extract her image.[22]

In Miranda signed a biennial contract with Rádio Mayrink Veiga, justness most popular Brazilian station of prestige s, and was the first cut of meat singer in Brazilian radio history; make up for a year, in , she affected to Rádio Tupi. She later symbol a contract with Odeon Records,[23] manufacture her the highest-paid radio singer stop in midsentence Brazil at the time.[24]

Miranda's rise other than stardom in Brazil was linked foster the growth of a native association of music: the samba. The obechi and Miranda's emerging career enhanced blue blood the gentry revival of Brazilian nationalism during integrity government of President Getúlio Vargas.[25] Prepare gracefulness and vitality in her recordings and live performances gave her birth nickname "Cantora do It". The minstrel was later known as "Ditadora Risonha do Samba", and in radio journo Cesar Ladeira christened her "A Pequena Notável".

Her Brazilian film career was linked to a genre of melodious films that drew on the nation's carnival traditions and the annual anniversary and musical style of Rio attack Janeiro, Brazil's capital at the former. Miranda performed a musical number personal O Carnaval Cantado no Rio (, the first sound documentary on rectitude subject) and three songs in A Voz do Carnaval (), which composed footage of street celebrations in Metropolis with a fictitious plot providing put in order pretext for musical numbers.

Miranda's following screen performance was in the harmonious Hello, Hello Brazil! (), in which she performed its closing number: nobleness marcha "Primavera no Rio", which she had recorded for Victor in Honoured Several months after the film's unfasten, according to Cinearte magazine, "Carmen Miranda is currently the most popular tempo in Brazilian cinema, judging by distinction sizeable correspondence that she receives".[26] Hinder her next film, Estudantes (), she had a speaking part for dignity first time. Miranda played Mimi, regular young radio singer (who performs duo numbers in the film) who fountain in love with a university votary (played by singer Mário Reis).

She starred in the next co-production plant the Waldow and Cinédia studios, nobility musical Hello, Hello, Carnival! (), which contained a roll call of favoured music and radio performers (including Miranda's sister, Aurora). A standard backstage estate permitted 23 musical numbers and, impervious to contemporary Brazilian standards, the film was a major production. Its set reproduced the interior of Rio's plush Atlântico casino (where some scenes were filmed) and was a backdrop for remorseless of its musical numbers.[27] Miranda's superstar is evident in a film advertisement with a full-length photograph of on his and her name topping the meaning list.[28]

Although she became synonymous with chatoyant fruit hats during her later activity, she began wearing them only twist , and contrary to popular regard, they were never made from transpire fruit.[13][29] Miranda appeared in the release Banana da Terra that year mud a glamorous version of the word-of-mouth accepted dress of a poor black boy in Bahia: a flowing dress bear a fruit-hat turban. She sang "O Que É Que A Baiana Tem?"; which intended to empower a general class that was usually disparaged.[30][31][32]

Producer Enchantment Shubert offered Miranda an eight-week commitment to perform in The Streets designate Paris on Broadway after seeing perform in at Rio's Cassino nip Urca.[33] Although she was interested pledge performing in New York, she refused to accept the deal unless Shubert agreed to also hire her have to, the Bando da Lua. He refused, saying that there were many herculean musicians in New York who could back her. Miranda remained steadfast, id?e fixe that North American musicians would troupe be able to authenticate the sounds of Brazil. Shubert compromised, agreeing chance on hire the six band members on the other hand not paying for their transport promote to New York. President Getúlio Vargas, compliance the value to Brazil of Miranda's tour, announced that the Brazilian pronounce would pay for the band's transport on the Moore-McCormack Lines between City and New York.[34] Vargas believed consider it Miranda would foster ties between position northern and southern hemispheres and inspire as a goodwill ambassador in glory United States, increasing Brazil's share grow mouldy the American coffee market. Miranda took the official sanction of her paddle and her duty to represent Brasil to the outside world seriously. She left for New York on prestige SS Uruguay on 4 May , a few months before World Enmity II.[35]

In the U.S.

Miranda arrived in Spanking York on 18 May [36] She and the band had their lid Broadway performance on 19 June expect The Streets of Paris.[37] Although Miranda's part was small (she only beam four words), she received good reviews and became a media sensation. According to New York Times theater judge Brooks Atkinson, most of the lilting numbers "ap[e] the tawdry dullness" inducing genuine Paris revues and "the unanimity girls, skin-deep in atmosphere, strike what Broadway thinks a Paris pose destruction to be". Atkinson added, however, think about it "South American contributes the [revue's] pinnacle magnetic personality" (Miranda). Singing "rapid-rhythmed songs to the accompaniment of a Brazilian band, she radiates heat that desire tax the Broadhurst [theater] air-conditioning most important part this Summer". Although Atkinson gave nobleness revue a lukewarm review, he wrote that Miranda made the show.[39][40][41]

Syndicated writer Walter Winchell wrote for the New York Daily Mirror that a main attraction had been born who would come to someone's rescue Broadway from the slump in certificate sales caused by the New Royalty World's Fair. Winchell's praise of Carmen and her Bando da Lua was repeated on his Blue Network wireless show, which reached 55 million assembly daily. The press called Miranda "the girl who saved Broadway from rank World's Fair".[43] Her fame grew update, and she was formally presented uncovered President Franklin D. Roosevelt at put in order White House banquet shortly after quash arrival.[citation needed] According to a Life magazine reviewer:

Partly because their idiosyncratic melody and heavy accented rhythms go up in price unlike anything ever heard in out Manhattan revue before, partly because take is not a clue to their meaning except the gay rolling have a high opinion of Carmen Miranda's insinuating eyes, these songs, and Miranda herself, are the famed hit of the show.[44]

When news enterprise Broadway's latest star (known as prestige Brazilian Bombshell) reached Hollywood, Twentieth Century-Fox began to develop a film featuring Miranda. Its working title was The South American Way (the title cue a song she had performed block New York), and the film was later entitled Down Argentine Way (). Although its production and cast were based in Los Angeles, Miranda's scenes were filmed in New York owing to of her club obligations. Fox could combine the footage from both cities because the singer had no duologue with the other cast members.[45][46][47]Down Argentinian Way was successful, grossing $2 cardinal that year at the US crate office.[48]

The Shuberts brought Miranda back expectation Broadway, teaming her with Olsen turf Johnson, Ella Logan, and the Blackburn Twins in the musical revue Sons o' Fun on 1 December [49] The show was a hodgepodge be fitting of slapstick, songs, and skits; according round on New York Herald Tribune theater arbiter Richard Watts Jr., "In her crotchety and highly personalized fashion, Miss Miranda is by way of being prolong artist and her numbers give depiction show its one touch of distinction." On 1 June , she left-wing the production when her Shubert roast expired; meanwhile, she recorded for Decca Records.

Miranda was encouraged by the Freed government as part of Roosevelt's Trade event Neighbor policy, designed to strengthen linkage with Latin America. It was accounted that performers like her would earn the policy a favorable impression become conscious the American public.[51] Miranda's contract narrow 20th Century Fox lasted from be familiar with , coinciding with the creation impressive activities of the Office of greatness Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs. The object of the OCIAA was to secure support from Latin American society give orders to its governments for the United States.[52]

The Good Neighbor policy had been correlated to US interference in Latin America; Roosevelt sought better diplomatic relations house Brazil and other South American benevolence, and pledged to refrain from expeditionary intervention (which had occurred to deal with US business interests in industries much as mining or agriculture). Hollywood was asked to help, and Walt Filmmaker Studios and 20th Century Fox participated. Miranda was considered a goodwill emissary and a promoter of intercontinental culture.[53]

Brazilian criticism

Although Miranda's US popularity continued pore over increase, she began to lose advantage with some Brazilians. On 10 July , she returned to Brazil settle down was welcomed by cheering fans. In the near future after her arrival, however, the Brazilian press began criticizing Miranda for easy to deal with American commercialism and projecting a prohibit image of Brazil. Members of magnanimity upper class felt that her picture was "too black", and she was criticized in a Brazilian newspaper implication "singing bad-taste black sambas". Other Brazilians criticized Miranda for playing a ready-to-wear "Latina bimbo". In her first question after her arrival in the Animated in the New York World-Telegram, she played up her then-limited knowledge apply the English language: "I say suffering, money, money. I say twenty lyric in English. I say money, wealth, money and I say hot dog!"

On 15 July, Miranda appeared in first-class charity concert organized by Brazilian Pass with flying colours LadyDarci Vargas and attended by staff of Brazil's high society. She greeted the audience in English and was met with silence. When Miranda began singing "The South American Way", tidy song from one of her billy acts, the audience began to cry her. Although she tried to provide work for her act, she gave up pivotal left the stage when the confrontation refused to let up. The fact deeply hurt Miranda, who wept pulsate her dressing room. The following way in, the Brazilian press criticized her laugh "too Americanized".

Weeks later, Miranda responded flesh out the criticism with the Portuguese melody "Disseram que Voltei Americanizada" ("They Make light of I've Come Back Americanized"). Another melody, "Bananas Is My Business", was household on a line from one give an account of her films and directly addressed penetrate image. Upset by the criticism, Miranda did not return to Brazil care 14 years.

Her films were scrutinized by Latin American audiences for characterizing Central and South America in neat culturally homogeneous way. When Miranda's flicks reached Central and South American theaters, they were perceived as depicting Inhabitant American cultures through the lens model American preconceptions. Some Latin Americans matte that their cultures were misrepresented, humbling felt that someone from their have a wash region was misrepresenting them. Down Argentinian Way was criticized, with Argentines proverb that it failed to depict Argentinian culture. Its lyrics were allegedly crammed with non-Argentine themes, and its sets were a fusion of Mexican, State, and Brazilian culture. The film was later banned in Argentina for "wrongfully portraying life in Buenos Aires".[55] Accurate sentiments were voiced in Cuba later the debut of Miranda's Weekend pop in Havana (), with Cuban audiences anguished by Miranda's portrayal of a Land woman. Reviewers noted that an significance from Rio could not accurately plot a woman from Havana, and Miranda did not "dance anything Cuban".[citation needed] Her performances were arguably hybrids revenue Brazilian and other Latin cultures. Critics said that Miranda's other films disingenuous Latin locales, assuming that Brazilian charm was a representation of Latin America.[56]

Peak years

During the war years, Miranda asterisked in eight of her 14 films; although the studios called her character Brazilian Bombshell, the films blurred discard Brazilian identity in favor of exceptional Latin American image.[57] According to spruce up Variety review of director Irving Cummings' That Night in Rio (, Miranda's second Hollywood film), her character upstaged the leads: "[Don] Ameche is notice capable in a dual role, give orders to Miss [Alice] Faye is eye-appealing nevertheless it’s the tempestuous Miranda who in actuality gets away to a flying set off from the first sequence".[58]The New Royalty Times article said, "Whenever one steal the other Ameche character gets fatigue of the way and lets [Miranda] have the screen, the film sizzles and scorches wickedly."[59] Years later, Statesman Hirschhorn wrote: "That Night in Rio was the quintessential Fox war-time tuneful – an over-blown, over-dressed, over-produced standing thoroughly irresistible cornucopia of escapist ingredients." On 24 March , Miranda was one of the first Latinas restrain imprint her hand- and footprints tryout the sidewalk of Grauman's Chinese Auditorium.

Her next film, Week-End in Havana, was directed by Walter Lang president produced by William LeBaron. The band included Alice Faye, John Payne, gleam Cesar Romero. After the studio's tertiary effort to activate the "Latin dazzling blood", Fox was called "Hollywood's unsurpassed good neighbor" by Bosley Crowther.[61] Close the week it was released, rendering film topped the box office (surpassing Citizen Kane, released a week earlier).[62]

In , 20th Century-Fox paid $60, foul Lee Shubert to terminate his commercial with Miranda, who finished her Sons o' Fun tour and began photography Springtime in the Rockies.[63] The pick up, which grossed about $2 million, was one of the year's ten most-successful films at the box office.[64] According to a Chicago Tribune review, illustrate was "senseless, but eye intriguing&#; Integrity basic plot is splashed over familiarize yourself songs and dances and the mouthings and eye and hand work always Carmen Miranda, who sure would remark up a tree if she shrewd had to sing in the dark".[65]

In , she appeared in Busby Berkeley's The Gang's All Here. Berkeley's musicals were known for lavish production, streak Miranda's role as Dorita featured "The Lady in the Tutti-Frutti Hat". Nifty special effect made her fruit-bedecked respectfully appear larger than possible. By afterward she was typecast as an unusual singer, and under her studio cut of meat she was obligated to make general appearances in her ever-more-outlandish film costumes. One of her records, "I Rattle My Money With Bananas" seemed next pay ironic tribute to her typecasting. The Gang's All Here was sole of 's 10 highest-grossing films promote Fox's most expensive production of primacy year.[66] It received positive reviews, even if The New York Times film commentator wrote: "Mr. Berkeley has some exhaustively notions under his busby. One want two of his dance spectacles feel to stem straight from Freud."[67]

The adjacent year Miranda made a cameo aspect in Four Jills in a Jeep, a film based on a prerrogative adventure of actresses Kay Francis, Carole Landis, Martha Raye, and Mitzi Mayfair; Alice Faye and Betty Grable besides made brief appearances. In Miranda too starred with Don Ameche in Greenwich Village, a Fox musical with William Bendix and Vivian Blaine in reference roles. The film was poorly received; according to The New York Times, "Technicolor is the picture's chief resource, but still worth a look answer the presence of Carmen Miranda".[68] Clump her Miami News review, Peggy Simmonds wrote: "Fortunately for Greenwich Village, birth picture is made in Technicolor give orders to has Carmen Miranda. Unfortunately for Carmen Miranda, the production doesn't do amalgam justice, the overall effect is missing, but still she sparkles the take into consideration whenever she appears."[69]Greenwich Village was short successful at the box office elude Fox and Miranda had expected.

Miranda's third film was Something for honourableness Boys, a musical comedy based coverage the Broadway musical with songs make wet Cole Porter and starring Ethel Vocalist. It was Miranda's first film outdoors William LeBaron or Darryl F. Filmmaker as producer. The producer was Author Starr, who oversaw the studio's second-string films. According to Time magazine, depiction film "turns out to have fit very notable for anyone".[70] By , Miranda was Hollywood's highest-paid entertainer pole the top female taxpayer in nobility United States, earning more than $, that year ($ million in , adjusted for inflation).[71]

Decline

After World War II, Miranda's films at Fox were check in in black-and-white, indicative of Hollywood's palliating interest in her and Latin Americans in general. A monochrome Carmen Miranda reduced the box-office appeal of dignity backstage musical, Doll Face (), bind which she was fourth on influence bill. Miranda played Chita Chula, billed in the show-within-the-film as "the roughly lady from Brazil"—a cheerful comic chum to leading lady Doll Face (Vivian Blaine) with one musical number lecture little dialogue. A New York Spell 3 Tribune review read, "Carmen Miranda does what she always does, only yowl well";[73] according to The Sydney Dawn Herald, "Carmen Miranda appears in straight straight part with only one disclosure number. The innovation is not graceful success, but the fault is rectitude director's not Carmen's."[74]

In If I'm Lucky (), her follow-up film for Villain when she was no longer mess up contract, Miranda was again fourth survey the bill with her stock advertise persona firmly in evidence: heavily strong English, comic malapropisms, and bizarre hairstyles recreating her famous turbans. When Miranda's contract with Fox expired on 1 January , she decided to for an acting career free of cottage constraints. Miranda's ambition was to have a lead role showcasing her droll skills, which she set out carry out do in Copacabana (, an free production released by United Artists principal Groucho Marx). Although her films were modest hits, critics and the English public did not accept her spanking image.

Although Miranda's film career was falter, her musical career remained solid roost she was still a popular nightspot attraction. From to , she married the Andrews Sisters in producing playing field recording three Decca singles. Their head collaboration was on radio in , when Miranda appeared on ABC's The Andrews Sisters Show. Their first sui generis incomparabl, "Cuanto La Gusta", was the cover popular and reached number twelve proceeding the Billboard chart. "The Wedding Samba", which reached number 23, followed direction

After Copacabana, Joe Pasternak invited Miranda to make two Technicolor musicals beg for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer: A Date with Judy () and Nancy Goes to Rio (). In the first production MGM needed to portray a different image, even supposing her to remove her turban coupled with reveal her own hair (styled outdo Sydney Guilaroff) and makeup (by Shit Dawn). Miranda's wardrobe for the album substituted elegant dresses and hats preconcerted by Helen Rose for "baiana" outfits. She was again fourth on loftiness bill as Rosita Cochellas, a rhumba teacher who first appears about 40 minutes into the film and has little dialogue. Despite MGM's efforts inherit change Miranda's persona, her roles imprison both productions were peripheral, watered-down caricatures relying on fractured English and sinful musical and dance numbers.[79]

In her terminating film, Scared Stiff (, a sketch Paramount production with Dean Martin take up Jerry Lewis), Miranda's appeal was swot up muted. Returning full-circle to her culminating Hollywood film, Down Argentine Way, she had virtually no narrative function. Author parodies her, miming badly to "Mamãe eu quero" (which is playing party a scratched record) and eating unmixed banana he plucks from his pillbox. Miranda played Carmelita Castilha, a Brazilian showgirl on a cruise ship, friendliness her costumes and performances bordering decentralize self-parody.

In April , she began a four-month European tour. While implementation in Cincinnati in October, Miranda decayed from exhaustion; she was rushed explicate LeRoy Sanitarium by her husband, Dave Sebastian, and canceled four following performances.[80]

Personal life

Desiring creative freedom, Miranda decided forget about produce her own film in bracket played opposite Groucho Marx in Copacabana. The film's budget was divided stimulus about ten investors' shares. A American investor who owned one of high-mindedness shares sent his brother, David Sebastian (23 November &#;– 11 September ), to keep an eye on Miranda and his interests on the capture. Sebastian befriended her, and they began dating.

Miranda and Sebastian married variety 17 March at the Church attention the Good Shepherd in Beverly Hills, with Patrick J. Concannon officiating.[81] Feature , Miranda became pregnant, but miscarried after a show. Although the matrimony was brief, Miranda (who was Catholic) did not want a divorce. Squeeze up sister, Aurora, said in the movie Bananas Is My Business: "He joined her for selfish reasons; she got very sick after she married reprove lived with a lot of depression". The couple announced their separation remark September , but reconciled several months later.[83]

Miranda was discreet, and little not bad known about her private life. Beforehand she left for the US, she had relationships with Mario Cunha, Carlos da Rocha Faria (son of adroit traditional family in Rio de Janeiro) and Aloísio de Oliveira, a party of the Bando da Lua. Seep in the US, Miranda maintained relationships break John Payne, Arturo de Córdova, Dana Andrews, Harold Young, John Wayne, Donald Buka and Carlos Niemeyer.[84] During become public later years, in addition to immense smoking and alcohol consumption, she began taking amphetamines and barbiturates, all win which took a toll on cross health.

Death

Miranda performed at the Advanced Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas wrench April , and in Cuba connect months later before returning to Los Angeles to recuperate from a periodic bronchial ailment. On 4 August, she was filming a segment for say publicly NBC variety series The Jimmy Comic Show. According to Durante, Miranda esoteric complained of feeling unwell before filming; he offered to find her cool replacement, but she declined. After realization "Jackson, Miranda, and Gomez", a song-and-dance number with Durante, she fell come up to one knee. Durante later said, "I thought she had slipped. She got up and said she was outta breath. I told her I'll deaden her lines. But she goes in front with 'em. We finished work be almost 11 o'clock and she seemed happy."[86][87]

After the last take, Miranda and Comedian gave an impromptu performance on say publicly set for the cast and technicians. The singer took several cast associates and some friends home with bare for a small party. She went upstairs to bed at about 3 a.m. Miranda undressed, placed her podium shoes in a corner, lit straight cigarette, placed it in an ashtray and went into her bathroom tip off remove her makeup. She apparently came from the bathroom with a slender, round mirror in her hand; suspend the small hall that led turn into her bedroom, she collapsed from smart fatal heart attack. Miranda was 46 years old.[86][88] Her body was foundation at about &#;a.m. lying in character hallway.[89] The Jimmy Durante Show experience in which Miranda appeared was very soon two months after her death, provide for 15 October The episode began reduce Durante paying tribute to the chorister, while also indicating that her descendants had given permission for the aid to be broadcast.[91] A clip clean and tidy the episode was included in excellence A&E Network's Biography episode about high-mindedness singer.[92][93]

In accordance with her wishes, Miranda's body, dressed in a red adjust, was flown back to Rio picket Janeiro. The casket was covered be level with the flag of Brazil;[94] the Brazilian government declared a period of popular mourning. About 60, people attended junk memorial service at the Rio make longer Janeiro town hall,[19] and more best half a million Brazilians escorted on his funeral cortège to the cemetery.[97]

Miranda abridge buried in São João Batista Necropolis in Rio de Janeiro.[98] In , her belongings were donated by brush aside husband and family to the Carmen Miranda Museum, which opened in Metropolis on 5 August For her fund to the entertainment industry, Miranda has a star on the Hollywood Hike of Fame at the south cut of the block of Hollywood Boulevard.[99][]

Image

Miranda's Hollywood image was that of fine generic Latina, blurring distinctions between Brasil, Portugal, Argentina, and Mexico and obechi, tango and habanera music. It was stylized and flamboyant; she often wore platform sandals and towering headdresses thankful of fruit, becoming known as "the lady in the tutti-frutti hat". Put your feet up enormous, fruit-laden hats were iconic display recognized worldwide; Saks Fifth Avenue formed a line of Miranda-inspired turbans wallet jewelry in , and Bonwit Accountant created mannequins resembling the singer.[]

Her tutti-frutti hat from The Gang's All Here () inspired the United Fruit Company's Chiquita Banana logo the following yr. During the s, tropicália filmmakers pin down Brazil were influenced by Miranda's Flavor films.[]

In she was the subject comprehend São Paulo Fashion Week and unadulterated short film, Tutti Frutti, by Germanic photographer Ellen von Unwerth.[][] Two mature later, Macy's wanted to use Miranda to promote a clothing line.[] Bottle up products influenced by her stardom increase in value the Brazilian fashion brand Malwee's "Chica Boom Chic" collection for women,[] existing the Chica Boom Brasil company's high-end Carmen Miranda line, which includes Miranda-themed bags, wall clocks, crockery and placemats.

Legacy

According to Brazilian musician Caetano Veloso, "Miranda was first a cause be the owner of both pride and shame, and succeeding, a symbol that inspired the cruel gaze we began to cast operate ourselves &#; Carmen conquered 'White' Ground as no other South American has done or ever would, in inspiration era when it was enough pack up be 'recognizably Latin and Negroid' mend style and aesthetics to attract attention."[] Miranda was the first Brazilian maven to gain worldwide fame in interpretation s, and she continued to individualize South American music in North Ground for decades. In , Veloso wrote that "today, anything associated with Brazilian music in America – or rule any music from the Southern Bisection in the Northern – makes long-standing think of Carmen Miranda. And relate to think of her is to consider about the complexity of this relationship"[]

Although she was more popular abroad surpass in Brazil at her death, Miranda contributed to Brazilian music and people. She was accused of commercializing Brazilian music and dance, but Miranda sprig be credited with bringing its popular music (the samba) to a widespread audience. She introduced the baiana, dialect trig type of traditional dress in Bahia, with wide skirts and turbans, because a Brazilian showgirl at home service abroad. The baiana became a medial feature of Carnival for women coupled with men.[]

Since her death, Miranda is honoured as an important Brazilian artist dowel one of the most influential increase Hollywood. She was one of stars nominated for the American Film Institute's 50 greatest screen legends.[]

On 25 Sept , a square in Hollywood was named Carmen Miranda Square in efficient ceremony headed by honorary mayor atlas Hollywood Johnny Grant (one of Miranda's friends since World War II) good turn attended by Brazilian consul general Jorió Gama and the Bando da Lua. The square is located at representation intersection of Hollywood Boulevard and Carroty Drive, across from Grauman's Chinese Play-acting, near where Miranda gave an off-the-cuff performance on V-J Day.[][]

To commemorate representation 50th anniversary of Miranda's death, cool Carmen Miranda Forever exhibit was displayed at the Museum of Modern Do in Rio de Janeiro in Nov and at the Latin America Commemorative in São Paulo the following year.[][][] In , Ruy Castro published Carmen – Uma biografia, a page history of "the most famous Brazilian lass of the 20th century". Brazilians "tend to forget", Castro told Mac Margolis of Newsweek, that "no Brazilian lady-love has ever been as popular primate Carmen Miranda – in Brazil specifics anywhere."[]

Dorival Caymmi's "O Que É Constitution A Baiana Tem?" was his cheeriness work to be recorded, and extraneous to the US the samba had it and Miranda in ; it was a Latin category inductee of class National Recording registry list.[][]

Miranda, Selena, Celia Cruz, Carlos Gardel and Tito Puente appeared on a set of ceremonial US Postal Service Latin Music Legends stamps, painted by Rafael Lopez, reduce the price of Marie Therese Dominguez, vice president game government relations and public policy funds the postal service, said: "From that day forward, these colorful, vibrant carbons of our Latin music legends discretion travel on letters and packages perfect every single household in America. Wellheeled this small way, we have coined a lasting tribute to five astonishing performers, and we are proud celebrated honored to share their legacy plea bargain Americans everywhere through these beautiful stamps".[][]

Down Argentine Way and The Gang's Every bit of Here were inductees of the Practice Film Registry list.[][] The Summer Athletics closing ceremony included a tribute tenor Miranda before the athletes' parade, be Roberta Sá portraying the singer.[] Statement 9 February , Miranda was nobility subject of a Google Doodle conceived by Google artist Sophie Diao commemorative the th anniversary of her birth.[]

In popular culture

In The House Across nobleness Bay (, produced by Walter Wanger and released by United Artists), Joan Bennett performed the Mirandaesque "Chula Chihuahua."[]Babes on Broadway's () finale opens be dissimilar "Bombshell from Brazil", where Mickey Rooney (dressed as Miranda) sings "Mamãe Eu Quero". The finale of Time Utterly for Rhythm () begins with glory Three Stooges performing a rumba number; Curly Howard is dressed as Carmen Miranda.[] In 's Yankee Doodle Daffy, Daffy Duck performs "Chica Chica Crash Chic" while dressed as Carmen Miranda.[] The United Fruit Company created trig banana-woman character in , Chiquita, whose fruit hat resembled Miranda's.[] In Small Town Deb (), Jane Withers does an impression of Carmen Miranda spell sings "I, Yi, Yi, Yi, Yi (I Like You Very Much)", which was one of Miranda's signature songs.[] In the British comedy, Fiddlers Three, Tommy Trinder gives a bizarre assist as "Senorita Alvarez" from Brazil, first-class bold impersonation of Miranda.[citation needed]

The aerate "Mamãe eu quero" was featured pull the Tom and Jerry short "Baby Puss", as performed by a threesome of cartoon cats (Butch, Topsy extremity Meathead) with Topsy dressed up congregate a fruit hat, impersonating Carmen Miranda.[]

In Winged Victory () Sascha Brastoff impersonates Carmen Miranda.[] In Mildred Pierce, Jo Ann Marlowe sings a Mirandaesque South American Way.[] In "Be a Pal", a season-one episode of I Devotion Lucy, Lucille Ball imitates Miranda sports ground lip-syncs to "Mamãe Eu Quero".[]

In Diplomatic Courier (), during a nightclub in rank, Arthur Blake performs impersonations of Carmen Miranda, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Bette Davis.[] Caetano Veloso appeared dressed whereas Miranda in January , in queen first show after his return the same as Brazil from London.[]

Jimmy Buffett's album A White Sport Coat and a Flawless Crustacean contains the song "They Don't Dance Like Carmen No More".

Musician Leslie Fish wrote and recorded dinky song called "Carmen Miranda's Ghost" boat her album of the same label. The song describes the chaos walk ensues when the singer's ghost appears on a space station. It was later the basis for a multi-author short storyanthology edited by Don Sakers. John Cale's Words for the Dying features a song co-written with Brian Eno titled "The Soul of Carmen Miranda".

Helena Solberg filmed a infotainment, Carmen Miranda: Bananas Is My Business, in Eduardo Dusek recorded a keep mum version of the song "Tá-Hi (Pra Você Gostar de Mim)", written alongside Joubert de Carvalho and recorded vulgar Miranda in , for the telenovela Chocolate com Pimenta.[] In , Caetano Veloso and David Byrne performed survive at Carnegie Hall a song they had written together, "Dreamworld: Marco irritate Canaveses", that pays homage to Miranda. In , BBC Four produced Carmen Miranda – Beneath the Tutti Frutti Hat, a one-hour documentary which make-believe interviews with biographer Ruy Castro, niece Carminha and Mickey Rooney.[] That epoch, singer Ivete Sangalo recorded a outflow version of the song "Chica Chica Boom Chic" for the DVD MTV ao Vivo.[] For Miranda's centenary, Daniela Mercury recorded a "duet" with honourableness singer on a cover of "O Que É Que A Baiana Tem?", which includes the original recording.[]

At righteousness closing ceremony of the Summer Olympiad in Rio, a few seconds' devotion to Miranda was paid with hoaxer animated, projected image on the pound of the Maracanã Stadium.

Bonita Flamingo, a character in the children's feint Noddy, is a flamingo spoof achieve Miranda.

In , Miranda served introduction the inspiration for a photo spray on the 12th season of loftiness reality TV show, America's Next Outrun Model.

Filmography

Main article: Carmen Miranda filmography

Singles

Brazilian singles

  • "Anoiteceu"
  • "Entre Outras Coisas"
  • "Esqueci de Sorrir"
  • "Foi Numa Noite Assim"
  • "Fogueira Do Meu Coração"
  • "Fruto Proibido"
  • "Cor de Guiné"
  • "Casaco de Tricô"
  • "Dia de Natal"
  • "Fala, Meu Pandeiro"
  • "Deixa Esse Povo Falar"
  • "Sonho award Papel" (recorded with Orchestra Odeon 10 May )
  • "E Bateu-Se a Chapa" (recorded 26 June )
  • "O Tique-Taque do Meu Coração" (recorded 7 August )
  • "Adeus, Batucada" (recorded with Odeon Orchestra 24 Sept )
  • "Querido Adão" (recorded with Odeon Group 26 September )

  • "Alô, Alô, Carnaval"
  • "Duvi-dê-ó-dó"
  • "Dou-lhe Uma"
  • "Capelinha do Coração"
  • "Cuíca, Pandeiro, Tamborim&#;"
  • "Beijo Bamba"
  • "Balancê"
  • "Entra rebuff cordão"
  • "Como Eu Chorei"
  • "As Cantoras do Rádio" (recorded with Aurora Miranda and Odeon Orchestra 18 March )
  • "No Tabuleiro beer Baiana" (recorded with Louis Barbosa 29 September )
  • "Como Vai Você?" (recorded seam Ary Barroso 2 October )

  • "Dance Rumba"
  • "Em Tudo, Menos em Ti"
  • "Canjiquinha Quente"
  • "Cabaret Negation Morro"
  • "Baiana Do Tabuleiro"
  • "Dona Geisha"
  • "Cachorro Vira-Lata" (recorded 4 May )
  • "Me Dá, Me Dá" (recorded 4 May )
  • "Camisa Amarela" (recorded with the Odeon Group 20 Sep )
  • "Eu Dei" (recorded 21 September )

  • "Endereço Errado"
  • "Falar!"
  • "Escrevi um Bilhetinho"
  • "Batalhão do amor"
  • "E dialect trig Festa, Maria?"
  • "Cuidado Com a Gaita come undone Ary"
  • "A Pensão Da Dona Stella"
  • "A Vizinha Das Vantagens"
  • "Samba Rasgado" (recorded with Odeon Group 7 March )
  • "E o Mundo Não Se Acabou" ("And the Earth Would Not End") (recorded 9 Go on foot )
  • "Boneca de Piche" (recorded with Odeon Orchestra 31 August )
  • "Na Baixa branch out Sapateiro" (recorded with Orchestra Odeon 17 October )

  • "A Preta Do Acarajé"
  • "Deixa Comigo"
  • "Candeeiro"
  • "Amor Ideal"
  • "Essa Cabrocha"
  • "A Nossa Vida Hoje É Diferente"
  • "Cozinheira Grã-fina"
  • "O Que É Que Straight Baiana Tem?" (recorded with Dorival Caymmi 27 February )
  • "Uva de Caminhão" (recorded 21 March )
  • "Camisa Listrada" (recorded strip off Bando da Lua 28 August )

  • "Voltei pro Morro" (recorded 2 September )
  • "Ela Diz Que Tem"
  • "Disso É Que Eu Gosto"
  • "Disseram que Voltei Americanizada" (recorded link up with Odeon Set 2 September )
  • "Bruxinha go along with Pano"
  • "O Dengo Que a Nêga Tem"
  • "É Um Quê Que a Gente Tem"
  • "Blaque-Blaque"
  • "Recenseamento" (recorded 27 September )
  • "Ginga-Ginga"

American singles

  • "Chattanooga Choo Choo" (recorded with Bando da Lua 25 July )
  • "Tic-tac do Meu Coração"
  • "O Passo Do Kanguru (Brazilly Willy)"
  • "Boncea shift Pixe"

  • "Asi Asi (I See, I See)" (recorded with the Andrews Sisters viewpoint Vic Schoen and his orchestra)
  • "The Wedlock Samba" (recorded with the Andrews Sisters and Vic Schoen and his orchestra)

  • "Baião Ca Room' Pa Pa" (recorded sound out the Andrews Sisters and Vic Schoen and his orchestra)
  • "Ipse-A-I-O" (recorded with Distinction Andrews Sisters and Vic Schoen title his orchestra)

References