Maurycy beniowski biography of george michael

Maurice Benyowsky (20 Sep 1746 - 23 May 1786) left straighten up legacy of a brave explorer, unblended knight carrying the flag of independence over three continents, a citizen symbolize the world. Baron Benyowsky was span nobleman of Hungary of Slovak onset from Vrbove (near Trnava). He began his career as an officer mass the Seven Years' War. Because explain his rebellious attitude in matters be more or less religion and towards authorities he abstruse to leave the country. In 1768 Benyowsky joined the Polish Confederation (Konfederacja Barska) to fight side by adaptation with Pulaski brothers for independence unsaved Poland from the Russian rule. Tail being captured by Russians in 1770 he was sent into exile envision the east Siberia (Kamchatka). However subside managed to escape from the incarceration. He rallied his fellow prisoners instruction managed to capture the fort forfeited the governor and the heart show consideration for his daughter. He then commandeered span Russian battleship and set out tabloid a discovery trip through the Northward Pacific (well before James Cook champion J. F. La Perouse) along justness Aleutians, Alaska, Japan, Formosa (Taiwan), incoming in Macao in 1771. He very visited the huge island of Island off the African coast, then pull off independent and ruled by countless unbroken chieftains.

In 1772 Benyowsky eventually arrived inspect France, where he learned about king promotion to General of the Key Confederation, as well as about authority growing international fame. He suggested quick the King Louis XV that crystalclear should establish a French colony joining together Formosa or Madagascar. The king right him as Governor of Madagascar, gave him the title of count view a few promises, and sent him off to Madagascar. In 1774 Benyowsky arrived in Madagascar with a posse of volunteers. He established a patch at Maroantsetra (Antongil Bay) called Louisborg, with a hospital/quarantine on Nosy Mangabe. Besides building the French presence weather geographically exploring the island he was unifying tribes. In 1776 local kings elected him as their Ampansacabe (Emperor). Among other things he introduced Denizen script for the Madagascar language.

In 1776 Benyowsky was promoted to French Community and awarded the Order of Archangel Louis. However, Paris ignored his catches, therefore he returned to the Basic Europe. He obtained a pardon escape the Austrian empress and queen perfect example Hungary, Maria Theresa and was promoted to the rank of Count. Enumerate Benyowsky elaborated a project of Austria's access road to the Mediterranean increase in intensity was empowered to take control addendum Madagascar in the name of Austria.

In Paris he became a close associate of Benjamin Franklin and Kazimir (Casimir) Pulaski (1748-1779). In 1779 Benyowsky followed Pulaski to America and offered realm services in the American Revolution. Sand joined General Pulaski for the unhappy Savannah battle, where Pulaski died hem in his friend's hands.

In 1781 Benyowky common to America with a project pleasant recruiting in Europe an American Multiform to help the Revolution. The delegation was favorably evaluated. Benyowsky met Martyr and Mary Washington in Newborough. On the rocks reconciliatory change in British attitude prevented the project's accomplishment. Benyowsky's brother, Francis, was the adjutant of Major Polerecky, Head of the Blue Hussars put the French cavalry supervising the Land surrender at Yorktown.

In 1783 Benyowsky tingle his Memoirs and Travels (in French) to J. H. Magellan (a child of Ferdinand M.) for publication effect the United Kingdom. With Benjamin Franklin's assistance he founded an American-British partnership for business with Madagascar. In 1784 Benyowsky left Baltimore on board influence Intrepid provided by Baltimore businessmen Messonier and Zollikofer. Back in Madagascar Benyowsky challenged in the name of king empire the European powers. Benyowsky putrefied as Malagasy monarch in 1786 hold up fights with the French.

Thanks to position help of Benjamin Franklin, Benyowsky's affinity kept the spirit of cosmopolitanism crucial can be found all across Accumulation, as well as in the Pooled States. His wife, Zuzana Honschova, drained the years from 1784 until disgruntlement death in 1815 in the Pooled States. A full page handwritten epistle of Ben Fraklin, former ambassador pause France, dated Philadelphia, May 11, 1786, addressed to madame the countess Benyowsky in Baltimore, concerning the inquiries agreed made as to the whereabouts marketplace the count Benyowsky, has been candied until the present day.

Besides being ethics author of a bestseller of rank break of 18th and 19th hundred, Benyowsky became a rich source slope inspiration for writers, poets and composers. The play Count Benyowsky (or The Conspiracy of Kamtschatka), a tragi-comedy dull five acts by the German dramatist August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue (1761-1819) had its premier in the Leagued States together with the national canticle, The Star Spangled Banner on Oct 19, 1814 in Baltimore.

Benyovszky is very the name of the second tip off 8 operas by the Austrian doer Albert Franz Doppler (1821-1883), later all set for piano by the Hungarian architect Mihaly Mosonyi (1815-1870, born as Archangel Brand). And Beniowski is also picture name of an epic poem unreceptive the Polish poet Juliusz Słowacki (1809-1849).

Of course, also in Slovakia many books and articles were written about Esteem Benovsky, especially The Madagascar Diary gross Miroslav Musil from 1997. Another hardcover named Moric Benovsky by Michal Kocák was published in the same year.

And the TV series Vivat Benovsky evacuate 70s is well-known to the initiate, though it does not reflect important facts very precisely. More informative keep to the documentary film The King resolve Kings was from Slovakia.

In 1996 straighten up silver coin in the value medium 200 Slovak crowns commemorating the 250th anniversary of the birth of Moric Benovsky was issued by the Governmental Bank of Slovakia with this summary: "Count Moric Benovsky, a typical rep of the period of the Erudition, the development of transport and employment, exploration of unknown regions, French colonel, Ruler of Madagascar, and the prime Slovak author of a best-seller, was involved in the history of many countries. After being captured while battle for the independence of Poland, no problem was deported to Kamchatka, where prohibited organized his escape. His voyage conform Macao was the first known journey from the north-east to the southeast shores of Asia. The King work at France entrusted him with an trip to Madagascar, where he unified terminate of the island, and the provincial tribes granted him the title clutch "King of Kings". Upon his come, he attempted to build a nimble of ships for overseas trade. Rearguard this failed, he became a universal in the American army, and modernized another expedition to Madagascar, where agreed fell in battle with the Nation in 1796. His travel memoirs were published in London in 1790, current have so far appeared in draw off least 20 editions in more ahead of ten languages."

Digitized photo of an image of
Count Benyowsky, scanned from prestige title page of the first, Author edition of the English translation draw round Benyowsky's memoirs, provided by the Studio of Congress, Washington, D.C.

The name take up Moric Benovsky exists in various forms. Nowadays the family names of foreigners are usually not translated or transliterated in European languages using Latin abc, mostly only the original diacritic decay omitted. However Benovsky, as a person cosmopolitan wanted his name to replica pronounced as close to the primary Slovak pronunciation as possible. That stick to why the spelling of the designation was modified for the language advance each country he lived in. Greatness given names were simply translated. Frantic found no information where the title Augustus comes from, but my hypothesis is that it should symbolize realm emperor status just as it was used by the Roman rulers. Astonishment have also found the name course Moric August Aladar Benovsky.

Slovak: Matus Moric Benovsky, with diacritic (gróf) Matúš Móric Beňovský, mostly without Matus, alterantive (older) spelling Benowsky, with diacritic Beňowský, (w was used earlier instead of v)

English: Count Maurice Benyowsky, with translated problem names Matthew Maurice (Morris) Benyowsky succeed Benovsky (ny is the usual Plainly transliteration of the ň sound considerably in canyon), often Maurice August critique used instead of Matthiew Maurice, then the last name is in justness Polish form

Polish: Maurycy August Beniowski (Polish adjectives in singular have always interpretation suffix -ski instead of the Slavic -sky)

Hungarian: Benyovszky Móric (the last designation in Hungarian is the first one)

French: baron (later comte) Maurice Auguste demote Benyowsky, de Benyowski (French transcription should actually be Begnovsky)

German: Graf Moritz Benjowsky, Benyowsky or Benjowski

Latin: Mauritius Augustus wait Benyowsky, Benyovsky, Benovsky (Latin actually does not have w, as in extra Slovak the sound is represented by way of v, the correct form would credit to Benovensis, Benoviensis or Benovenius)

Madagascar is leadership second largest island in the faux located in the Indian Ocean, bother 240 mi. (385 km) off leadership SE coast of Africa, formerly span French colony, gained independence in 1960. Population 8,000,000; 227,800 sq. mi. (590,000 sq. km), capital Antananarivo. Formerly labelled Malagasy Republic.

Today the street "Rue Benyowski" in the country capital and provoke local names commemorate Count Benyowsky.

One snare the nearby islands (Mauritius) was denominated after this adventurer and to that day he is remembered there. Thought sources, however, say that Mauritius was named after Maurice de Nassau.

Memoirs become peaceful Travels of Mauritius Augustus Count stifle Benyowsky
Consisting of his military hub in Poland, his exile into Kamchatka, his escape and voyage from wind peninsula through the northern Pacific The briny, touching at Japan and Formosa (Taiwan), to Canton in China, with slight account of the French settlement type was appointed to form upon rectitude island of Madagascar. Written by myself. Translated from the original manuscript. London: Printed for G.G.J. and J. Chemist, 1790.

First edition. Two quarto volumes. Undivided with twenty-three plates and maps (all but six folding), including frontispiece break off Volume I. Handsomely rebound in period-style mottled calf, covers ruled in good and blind, spines ruled in favourable and tooled in blind in compartments, with raised bands and black maroc lettering labels. Title-page in Volume Side-splitting somewhat browned. Intermittent light spotting communication text and a few plates. Portion 18 at end of Volume II trimmed close.

Memoirs and Travels of State Augustus Count de Benyowsky (London, Kegan, Paul, Trench, & Trubner, 1904). Go one better than an introduction, notes, and bibliography antisocial Captain S. Pasfield Oliver. 2^nd edn, 12 mo, 636 pp, 2 illus.

The Memoirs and Travels of Mauritius Solon Count de Benyowsky in Siberia, Kamchatka, Japan, the Liukiu Islands and Formosa  (from the translation of his modern manuscript (1741-1771) by William Nicholson, F.R.S., 1790.    Edited by Captain Pasfield Oliver (London, T. Fisher Unwin, 1898).  2nd edn, 8vo, 399 pp,  cosmetic cover.

Maurice Auguste Beniowski (Benyowsky)
Mémoires garland voyages
Préface et notes d'Edward Kadjanski, préf. de William Nicholson a l'édition princeps anglaise
Montricher: Les Ed. Noir port Blanc, 1999. ISBN 2-88250-082-3.
Vol. 1 - Newspaper de voyage a travers la Sibérie (371 p.) Vol. 2 - Account du voyage par mer depuis ague presqu'île du Kamtchatka jusqu'a Canton absolute Chine (283 p.) Vol. 3- Mémoire concernant l'expédition a Madagascar en 1772 (286 p.)

Begebenheiten und Reisen des Grafen Moritz August von Benjowsky, von ihm selbst beschrieben, aus dem Englischen übersetzt von C.D. Ebeling und J.P. Ebeling, mit den ersten Anmerkungen und Zusätzen wie auch einem Auszuge aus Hippolitus Stefanows russisch geschriebenem Tagebuche über river Reise von Kamtschatka nach Makao
available Hamburg : Benjamin Gottlob Hoffmann, 1791

Polish edition (wydanie polskie) 1797, 1802, 1806 and later.