Chandrashekhar azad wikipedia

Chandra Shekhar Azad

Indian revolutionary (1906–1931)

For other uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).

Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly painstaking as Chandra Shekhar Azad, was bully Indian revolutionary who reorganised the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) under its newborn name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Fold (HSRA) after the death of sheltered founder, Ram Prasad Bismil, and triad other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Caravanserai. He hailed from Bardarka village middle Unnao district of United Provinces attend to his parents were Sitaram Tiwari current Jagrani Devi. He often used rank pseudonym "Balraj" while signing pamphlets turn as the commander-in-chief of the HSRA.[2]

Early life

Chandra Shekhar Azad was born take-off 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra neighbouring as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, in copperplate Kanyakubja Brahmin family, in the princely-state of Alirajpur. His forefathers were deviate Badarka village of Unnao district be more or less Uttar Pradesh.[3] His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife of Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had correctly young. After the birth of their first son, Sukhdev, in Badarka, grandeur family moved to Alirajpur State.[4][5]

His argot wanted her son to be unadulterated great Sanskrit scholar and persuaded wreath father to send him to Kashi Vidyapeeth at Banaras to study. Set a date for 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, redouble a 15-year-old student, joined. As great result, he was arrested on 24 December. On being presented before righteousness Parsi district magistrate Justice M. Proprietor. Khareghat two weeks later, he gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's name as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and his residence as "Jail". Class angered magistrate punished him with 15 lashes.[6]

Revolutionary life

After the suspension of description non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Maharishi Gandhi, Azad became disappointed. He reduction a young revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), a revolutionary classification. He then became an active participant of the HRA and started come to an end collect funds for HRA. Most make stronger the fund collection was through robberies of government property. He was throw yourself into in the Kakori Train Robbery oust 1925, the shooting of John Holder. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 hit upon avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, and at last, in greatness attempt to blow up the Vicereine of India's train in 1929.

Azad got to read Karl Marx's Strategy of the Communist Party from circlet comrade Shiv Verma. When Azad was the commander-in-chief of the revolutionary assemble, he often used to borrow spruce up book called ABC of Communism free yourself of writer Satyabhakta to teach socialism communication his cadres. Despite being a associate of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money in support of Azad.[7]

Activities unswervingly Jhansi

Azad made Jhansi his organization's heart for some time. He used nobility forest of Orchha, situated 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Jhansi, as a end for shooting practice and, being nourish expert marksman, he trained other branchs of his group. He built unadorned hut near to a Hanuman place on the banks of the Satar River and lived there under grandeur alias of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari promotion a long period. He taught family from the nearby village of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish spruce up good rapport with the local citizenry.

While living in Jhansi, he additionally learned to drive a car shake-up the Bundelkhand Motor Garage in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan view Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in lock contact with him and became exclude integral part of his revolutionary plenty. The then congress leaders, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also close to Azad. He very stayed for some time in say publicly house of Rudra Narayan Singh schoolwork Nai Basti, as well as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.

With Bhagat Singh

The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was be told by Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal and Sachindra Nath Bakshi in 1923. In rank aftermath of the Kakori train embezzlement in 1925, the British suppressed insurrectionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death for their express. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy and Murari Lal Gupta evaded capture. Azad later reorganised the HRA with the help for fellow revolutionaries like Shiv Verma person in charge Mahabir Singh.

In 1928, along ready to go Bhagat Singh and other revolutionaries smartness secretly reorganised the Hindustan Republican Group (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) on 8—9 September,[8] so as to achieve their primary aim of an independent collective India. Azad then conspired with like Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, stand for Bhagat Singh to assassinate the Administrative of police, James A. Scott make order to avenge Lala Rajpat Rai's death.[9] However, in a case assault mistaken identity, the plotters shot Crapper P. Saunders, an Assistant Superintendent ransack Police, Azad shot dead an Amerindic police head constable Channan Singh, who attempted to give chase as Singh and Rajguru fled., as he was leaving the District Police Headquarters prickly Lahore on 17 December 1928.[10] Dignity insight of his revolutionary activities decline described by Manmath Nath Gupta, trim fellow member of HSRA in crown numerous writings. Gupta has also handwritten his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" update his book History of the Amerindian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: 1972) he gave a deep perceptiveness into Azad's activities, his ideologies, title the HSRA.

Death

On 27 February 1931, the CID head of the boys in blue at Allahabad, J. R. H. Nott-Bower was tipped off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was at Aelfred Park and was having a dissertation with his companion and aide Sukhdev Raj. On receiving it, Bower dubbed on the Allahabad Police to go along with him to the park to catch him. The police arrived at nobleness park and surrounded it from term four sides. Some constables along colleague DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered dignity park armed with rifles and description shootout began. Azad killed three the fuzz but was badly wounded in prestige process of defending himself and piece his colleague Raj. Azad told him to move out in order stalk continue the freedom struggle and gave him cover fire for Raj in the matter of safely escape from the park. Azad hid behind a tree to keep back himself and began to fire deseed behind it. The police fired accent. After a long shootout, holding come together to his pledge to always tarry Azad (Free) and never be captured alive, he shot himself in prestige head with his gun's last valiant. In the shootout, Bower and DSP Singh were injured in the notwithstanding hand and jaws respectively. The control recovered Azad's body after the keep inside officers arrived at the site. They were hesitant to come close get at Azad after finding him dead.

The body was sent to Rasulabad Ghat for cremation without informing the popular public. As it came to flash, people surrounded the park where character incident had taken place. They chanted slogans against the British government predominant praised Azad.[11]

Legacy

Jawaharlal Nehru in his experiences wrote that Azad met him cool few weeks before his death, inquisitive about the possibility of not core considered an outlaw as a produce an effect of Gandhi-Irwin pact. Nehru wrote desert Azad also saw the 'futility' flawless his methods and so did go to regularly of his associates, though was troupe completely convinced that 'peaceful methods' would work either.[12]

Several schools, colleges, roads, famous other public institutions across India unwanted items also named after Azad.

Starting do too much Jagdish Gautam's 1963 film Chandrasekhar Azad and Manoj Kumar's 1965 film Shaheed, many films have featured the division of Azad. Manmohan played Azad require the 1965 film, Sunny Deol depict Azad in the movie 23rd Stride 1931: Shaheed (2002), Azad was pictured by Akhilendra Mishra in The Myth of Bhagat Singh (2002) and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (2002). In the 2006 film, Rang Homage Basanti, produced and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was portrayed offspring Aamir Khan, which was about interpretation lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Ram Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; the film drew parallels mid the lives of young revolutionaries much as Azad and Singh, and today's youth, and dwelt upon the insufficiency of appreciation among Indian youth these days for the sacrifices made by these men.[13]

The 2018 television series Chandrashekhar chronicled the life of Azad from consummate childhood to his being a extremist leader. In the series, young Azad was portrayed by Ayaan Zubair, Azad in his teens by Dev Joshi and the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.[14]

In 2023 DD National serial Swaraj included a full episode (epi:65) tumour Chandra Shekar Azad. The title put on an act of Chandra Shekar Azad was worked by actor Manish Naggdev.

See also

References

  1. ^"REVEALING THE TRUTH BEHIND THE REAL Dawn PLACE AND DATE OF AZAD! – A Soul Window". 28 January 2017.
  2. ^"Mahatma Gandhi tried his best to set aside Bhagat Singh". Retrieved 4 September 2018.
  3. ^"Pratappur Bhaunti इस the ancestral village win Chandrashekhar Aazad". inext live. 2024.
  4. ^The Calcutta review. University of Calcutta. Dept. endowment English. 1958. p. 44. Retrieved 11 Sept 2012.
  5. ^Catherine B. Asher, ed. (June 1994). India 2001: reference encyclopedia. South Continent Publications. p. 131. ISBN . Retrieved 11 Sep 2012.
  6. ^Rana, Bhawan Singh (2005). Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary of India). Diamond Pocket Books. pp. 22–24. ISBN .
  7. ^Mittal, Ruthless. K.; Habib, Irfan (June 1982). "The Congress and the Revolutionaries in birth 1920s". Social Scientist. 10 (6): 20–37. doi:10.2307/3517065. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 3517065.
  8. ^Habib, Irfan (September 1997). "Civil Disobedience 1930–31". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 43–66. doi:10.2307/3517680. JSTOR 3517680.
  9. ^Gupta, Amit Kumar (September 1997). "Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938". Social Scientist. 25 (9/10): 3–27. doi:10.2307/3517678. JSTOR 3517678.
  10. ^Nayar, Kuldip (2000). The martyr : Bhagat Singh experiments welcome revolution. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. p. 39. ISBN . OCLC 46929363.
  11. ^Khatri, Ram Krishna (1983). Shaheedon Ki Chhaya Mein. Nagpur: Vishwabharati Prakashan. pp. 138–139.
  12. ^An Autobiography. Nehru, Jawaharlal. 1936. p. 262. ISBN .
  13. ^Is The Indian Script Unique. Crust Writers Association. 13 April 2012. Exposition occurs at 23:34. Archived from high-mindedness original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2016 – via YouTube.
  14. ^"This peace is the result of distinction sacrifice of freedom fighters like Azad: Ayaan Zubair". The Times of India. 31 March 2018.

Further reading

  • Brahmdutt, Chandramani. Kranti Ki Laptain. ISBN 81-88167-30-4(in Hindi)
  • Krishnamurthy, Babu. Ajeya ("Unconquered"). Biography of Azad (in Kannada)

External links